SURE SHORT MATERIAL SA-I SOCIAL SCIENCE

SOCIAL SCIENCE MATERIAL

CLASS-VII, SA-1

SOME TIPS TO ACHIEVE

100% MARKS IN SOCIAL SCIENCE

IN EXAMINATION HALL

• Read the entire paper thoroughly in the time allotted for this separately.
• Stay calm.
• Write correct question number boldly in the left margin.
• Attempt all parts of the question at one place. Number them appropriately.
• Be specific. Write to the point. Explain where ever needed with examples. Give points in required number only.
• Leave some space before starting a new question. Draw a line in between the answers of two questions if possible.
• Number each point & highlight main points. If possible,give suitable headings.
• In writing answers you must underline key terms, concepts & points to highlight them.
• Use correct spelling & proper grammatical sentences while writing answers.
• Don’t waste time in pondering over a difficult question.
• Fasten the Map inside the answer book.
• Check & Recheck the answers in the last 10-15 minutes before submitting the answer book.
• Maintain neatness & accuracy in the answer book. Don’t give wrong data.

MAP QUESTIONS

·        Read the asking of the questions carefully.

·        Answer the questions on the map only.

·        Give proper question numbers here

·        Don’t neglect this section. Practice more maps before the examination

HISTORY

CHAPTER-1

Q1.in which year did Al-idrisi made map of India?            Ans. 1154 ce

Q2.what did Amir Khusrau used the word to describe India?        Ans. Hind

Q3. One who makes map is known as?        Ans. Cartographer

Q4. What is a foreigner in India in medieval period known as in Persian ?         Ans.  Ajnabi

Q5. What is the length of medieval period of India?         Ans. 700 to 1750

Q6. What is the two types hand writing of Arabic?            Ans. Nastliq  & shikaste

Q7. What are the three parts of history of India?   Ans. Ancient, medieval & modern

Q8. When Ziyauddin Barani wrote his first chronicle?     Ans. 1356

Q9. What were the new foods brought by Persians?          Ans. Potatoes, corn, chillies, tea, coffee etc.

Q10. How did word Rajput derived?            Ans. From ‘rajaputra’

Q11. What was the older name of Bengal? Ans. Gauda

Q12. What were the learned theologians & jurists known as?      Ans. Ulema

13. Which group of Muslims says that prophet Mohammed’s son in law,  ‘Ali’ is their leader?

Ans.Shia Muslims

14. Which group of Muslims says that Khalifas are their leaders? Ans-Suni Muslims

15. Why it is not correct to divide history into ‘ancient’, ‘medieval’ &’ modern’ periods?

Ans . Because

·        Here the term ‘modern’ is wrong because there was no modernity in that period in India.

·        And copying the periodisation from European history is wrong.

·        While the medieval period of European age was a darck age, the Indian medieval period was Golden age.

Match the following

1.Shia                                                                   a. Ratputra

2.Medieval period                                             b. Dravida

3.Rajputs                                                              c. 700 to 1750

4.South India                                                       d. Ali

Ans. 1 – d                   2 – c                              3  -  a                                     4 - b

CHAPTER-3-The Delhi sultans

1.      Name a city which becomes more important in twelfth century.        Delhi

2.      Name the language of administration under Delhi Sultans?                  Persian

3.      Name the woman who became ruler under the Delhi Sultans?                 Raziyya

4.      Name the land by which king increases their kingdom by  cutting  forest?         Hinterland

5.      Name the town in which King fortified settlement with soldiers?           Garrison Town

6.      What is Arabic meaning of Mosque?          Masjid

7.      Which is holy place  of Muslim?     Mecca

8.      Who is the holder of iqta?    Iqtadar or Muqti

9.      Name the tax which is collected on Cultivation?   Kharaj

10. Who was fourteenth century traveler from Morocco (Africa)?   Ibn Battuta.

11. Name the new garrison town constructed by Alauddin?    Siri

12. Name the currency introduced by Muhammad Tughlaq?   Token currency

13. Who was the founder of Suri Dynasty?       Sher Shah Sur

14. Which ruler first established his capital at Delhi? Tomaras Rajput

15. In whose region did Sultanate reach its furthest extent?   Alauddin Khilji

16. Name the term used to describe the place between Ganga and Yamuna?            Ganga- Yamuna-doab.

CHAPTER-4 -The Mughal Empire

1.      Mughals was descendants of ………….. from their mother  Side?         Ans-Genghis khan

2.      Mughals were successors of …………… from their father side?          Ans-Timur

3.      In which year Babur defeated sultan of Delhi (Ibrahim Lodi) at panipat?            Ans-1526

4.      In which year Babur defeated Rana sanga, Rajput rulers and allies at khanua?    Ans-1527

5.      In which year Babur defeated the Rajputs at chanderi?      Ans-1528

6.      In which year Sher khan defeated Humayun at chausa?      Ans-1539

7.      At what age Akbar became emperor?          Ans-13 years old

8.      From which dynasty the mother of Jahangir belongs?       Ans-kachhwaha

9.      What is primogeniture?        Ans-In this custom the eldest son inherited his father’s estate.

10. What is coparcenary?            Ans-In this custom there is division of the inheritance amongst all the son.

11. From which dynasty the mother of shah jahan belongs?                Ans-Marwar (Jodhpur)

12. Who were Mughal’s Mongol competitor?  Ans: Uzbegs

13. When did Timur captured Delhi?     Ans: 1398

14. Who was the first Mughal emperor. Tell his ruling time? Ans: Babur[1526-1530]

15. What was the previous name of Jahangir?   Ans: Salim

16. Who was Nur Jahan? Ans: wife of Jahangir

17. What was previous name of Shah Jahan?     Ans: Khurram

18.  During which King’s period was the size of the empire largest? Ans: Aurangzeb

19. Who was the Maratha chieftain who was defeated by Aurangzeb ?          Ans: Shivaji

20.  What was meaning of mansab?        Ans: rank

21. Who was Akbar’s revenue minister?                       Ans: Todar mal

22. Who wrote Akbar nama?       Ans: Abul Fazl

23. What was the 3^rd volume of Akbar nama called?    Ans: Ain-i-akbari

24. Name the volume of Akbarnama which describes about laws and administration. Ans Ain-i-Akbari

25. Empire was divided into provinces called______.            Ans. Subas

26. Suba was governed by ____.            Ans. Subedar

27. Who married Jahangir in 1611?       Ans. Mehrunnisa

28. What was universal peace?   Ans. Sulh-I kul

29. Why Mughals did not like to be called mughal or mongal?          Ans-this was because Genghis khan’s memory was associated with the massacre of innumerable people.

30. Explain life history of Humayun?

Ans-(1) Humayun divided his inheritance according to the will of his father. His brothers were each given a province.

(2) He was defeated by Sher shah Suri at Chausa battle.

(3) Humayun recaptured Delhi in 1555 but died the next year after an accident in this building.

31. Who is a bigot?

Ans-An individual who is intolerant of another person’s religious beliefs or culture.

32. The term (1)……………refers to an individual who holds a (2)…………..,meaning position or rank.

Ans-(1) mansabdar  (2) Mansab

     `                                           HISTORY   CH.5 RULERS AND BUILDING

1.      Who  started the building  Qutub  minar?              Ans-  QUTUBUDDIN  AIBAK

2.      who  made  kandariya  mahadeva  temple?  Ans-  Dhangdeva.

3.      Dhangdeva  was   from  which   dynasty?                 Ans-     Chandela  dynasty.                                                                                         

4.      Where  was the  Rajarajeshwara  temple situated? Ans-    Thanjavur.

5.      Which  temple  has  the  tallest   shikhara  among  temples  of  its  time?           Ans-  Rajarajeshwara.

6.      Name the God worshipped by Rajarajadev. Ans- Rajarajeswaram

7.      The  cement  increasingly  used  in  construction?  Name.                       Ans-   limestone  cement.

8.      Who built  Rajarajeshwara  temple?            Ans-  Rajarajadeva.

9.      Who won universal respect  for  constructing  a  large  reservoirs  just  outside Delhi  - I – Kuhna?            Ans-  Sultan  Iltutmish.

10. What  is  the  capital  of   pandyas?  Ans-Madurai.

11. What is the meaning of   chahar bagh?        Ans-  Four  garden.

12. The  central  hall   surrounded  by  8  room  is  called?     Ans-  Hast  bihist.

13. Who  built Taj  Mahal?          Ans- Shah  jahan.

14. Muslims  face  which  direction  in  Prayer?          Ans- Mecca.

15. The  part  of  a  building  above  the  ground  floor  is called?       Ans-  Superstructure.

16. Why  the  limestone  cement  was  increasily  used  in   construction?

Ans-  Because  this  was  very  high  quality  cement  which  when  mixed  with Stone  chips  hardened  into  concrete

17. What   are  the  elements  of  a  mughal  chahar  bagh  garden?

Ans-    1)  artificial   water  channel    2)green  trees.     3)statues.

18. What  is  Pietra  -dura?

Ans-pietra –dura  is a  coloured  hard   stone  placed  in  depressions  carved    into Marbel  or   sandstone.

19. What   is   trabeate or corbelled architecture?

Ans-  A horizontal  beam  across  two  vertical  columns, a  style  of  architecture  is  called trabeate.

13. What is Arckate style?

Ans- A arch beam across the two vertical beam. This is used for making doors and windows.

GEOGRAPHY

CHAPTER-1

Q1 – The world of non-living element s are known as?     ANS- A biotic

Q2 – the place, people, things and the nature that surround any living organisms is called?ANS- Environment.

Q3- The thin layer of air that surrounds the earth is called?         ANS- Atmosphere.

Q4 – On which day we celebrate world’s environment day?         ANS- 5^th  June.

Q5- It is a trade in which goods are exchanged without the use of money?        ANS- Barter system.

 Q6- Give an example of natural environment?      ANS- Water (Hydrosphere)

Q7- The world of living organisms is called?         ANS- Biotic.

Q8- Which force of the earth holds the atmosphere around it?   ANS- Gravitational force.

Q9- Name the relation between the living organisms and their surrounding forms?      ANS-  Ecosystem.

Q10- Give any two example of human made environment?          ANS- Roads, parks.

Q11- What is the meaning of world environner?               ANS- Neighbourhood

Q12- The activities, creation and interaction among human being is known as which environment?

ANS- Human environment.

Q13- Name components of environment?  ANS- Natural, Human made and human.

Q 3 FILL IN THE BLANKS:

1.      The domain of water is referred to hydrosphere.

2.      Ozen Layer protects us from harmful rays of the sun.

3.      Plants and animals kingdom together make biosphere.

4.      Information Revolution made communication easier and speedy across the world.

GIVE REASON

1- Man modifies his environment?

ANS    1-Human beings interact with the environment and modify it according to their need.

2- To fulfill their requirement from the nature around them.

3- They learn new ways to use and change environment.

Geography-CHAPTER-3

1.      What are the forces which act in the interior of the earth are called as-             Endogenic forces 

2.      What are the forces that work on the surface of the earth are called as- Exogenic forces

3.      In Endogenic forces sometimes produce which sudden movements that cause mass destruction over the surface of the earth-       Earthquake and volcano

4.      What is a vent(opening) in the earth’s crust through which molten material erupts-Volcano

5.      When the lithospheric plates move, the surface of the earth vibrates this is called- Earthquake

6.      The place where the Earthquake’s vibrations starts the first is called as-            Focus

7.      The place on the surface above the focus is called as-                  Epicentre

8.      Earthquake is measured with a machine called-     Seismograph

9.      The magnitude of the earthquake is measured on the –     Richter scale

10. What is the breaking up of rocks on the earth’s surface called-   Weathering

11. What is the wearing away of the landscape by different agents like water, wind and ice-          Erosion

12. As the river enters the plain it twists and turns forming large bends known as- Meanders

13. In due course of time the meander loop cuts off from the river and forms a-    Cut-off lake

14. At times the river overflows its banks, this leads to-         Flood

15. Cut-off lake is also called as-                      Ox-bow Lake

16. The raised banks are called- Leeves

17. The collection of sediments from all the mouths forms a-          Delta

18. As the river approaches the sea, the speed of the flowing water decreases and the river begins to break up into a no. of streams called-        Distributaries

19. Sea waves continuously hit the rock cracks develop over time they became larger and wider, hollow like caves are formed called-           Sea caves

20. As these hollow become bigger and bigger only the roof of caves remain thus formed are called-

Sea arches

21. Then erosion breaks the roof and only walls are left thus formed are-    Stacks

22. The steep rocky coast rising almost vertically above sea water is called-           Sea cliff

23. The sea waves deposit sediments along the shores forming-        Beaches

24. What are rivers of ice which too erode the landscape by bulldozing soil and stone to expose the soil rock below-    Glaciers

25. Mushroom rocks are found in-        Desert

26. The depositional feature of a glacier is-     Moraine

27. In desert the rocks in a shape of mushroom are called-    Mushroom rocks

28. Why do plates move?

A-Plates move because of the movement of the molten magma inside our earth.

29. How are flood plains formed?

A-    Floods deposits fine soil and some other material along its banks this leads to the formation of floodplain.

30. What are sand dunes?

A-    sand is lifted from one place to another place from agent of wind when it stop blowing sand falls and gets deposited in low  hills like structures are  called sand dunes.

    GIVE REASONS    

                

QUES1: Some rocks have a shape of a mushroom.

ANS1: a- The upper portion of the rocks remains unaffected.

            b- In course of time the rocks take up the shape of a mushroom.

QUES2: Flood plains are very fertile.

ANS2: a- During floods rivers overflow their banks.

            b- Best clays are washed away and deposited by creating flood plains.

CHAPTER-4- AIR

Q(i).What is atmosphere?
Answer.A huge blanket of air by which our earth is surrounded is called atmosphere.
The atmosphere have following layers :
(a) Troposphere.
(b)Stratosphere
(c) Mesosphere
(d) Thermosphere
(e) Exosphere

Out of these atmospheric layers, Troposphere is the most important layer of the atmosphere, which directly support life on this planet. The uppermost layer is Exosphere.

Q(ii).Which two gases make the bulk of atmosphere?
Answer.(a) Nitrogen. (b) Oxygen.

Q(iii).Which gas creates green house effect in atmosphere?
Answer. Carbon dioxide.

Q(iv).What are weather and Climate?
Answer. Wheather is hour-to-hour,day to day conditions of the atmosphere. Climate is long term detection of weather in a region or place.

Q(v). Name three types of rainfall?
Answer.(i) The convectional rainfall. (ii)The orographic rainfall. and (iii)The cyclonic rainfall.

Q(vi). What is air pressure?
Answer. Air pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by the weight of air on the earth's surface.

Question2.Tick the correct answer:
Q(i) Which of the following gases protects us from harmful sun rays?
(a) Carbondioxide. (b)Nitrogen. (c)Ozone.
Answer:(c) Ozone.

Q(ii) The most importent layer of the atmosphere is.
(a) Troposphere. (b)Thermosphere. (c) Mesosphere
Answer:(a) Troposphere.

Q(iii) Which of the following layers of atmosphere free from clouds?
(a) Troposphere. (b)Stratosphere. (c) Mesosphere
Answer:(b) Stratosphere.

Q(iv).As we go up the layers of the atmosphere, the pressure.
(a) Increases. (b) Decreases. (c) Remain same.
Answer: (b) Decreases.

Q(v)When precipitation comes down to the earth liquid form,it is called:
(a) cloud. (b) Rain. (c) Snow.
Answer: (b) Rain.
Q(vi)

1	Trades winds-.	(c)	Permanent wind.
2	Loo.----------	(d)	Local wind .
3	Mansoon.-----	(a)	Seasonal.
4	Wind.---------	(b)	Horizental movement of air.

Question 4.Give reasons.
Q(i) Wet clothes take longer time to dry on a humid day?
Answer. Because on a humid day,there is more water in air than a sunny day. So, air can soak less water from wet clothes i.e., rate of evaporation decreases.

 Q(ii). Amount of insolation decreases from equator towards poles?
Answer. Because sun rays fall vertical on the equator while slanting on the poles.

GEO CHAPTER -5-WATER

1.      In which day the world water day is celebrated?        Ans:   22 March.

2.      Tsunami is a Japanese word which mean?   Ans:   ‘Harbour waves’.

3.      The largest tsunami ever measured was?     Ans:   150m high.

4.      The stronger the wind blows the waves become?   Ans:    Bigger.

5.      When the water on the surface of the oceans rise and falls alternately, they are called?           Ans:   Waves.

6.      A huge tidal waves called?    Ans:   Tsunami.

7.      What is the amount of water present in rivers?      Ans:  0.0001.

8.      Salinity is the amount of salt in grams present in how many grams of water?    Ans: 1000 grams.

9.      Why swimmers can float in Dead Sea?

Ans:  Because the increased salt content makes it dense.

10. Why the water of ocean is salty?

Ans:  Because the salt is present in the water.

11. ______of the surface is covered by water.            Ans: Three-fourth.

12. 02.0 percent water is present in_______.  Ans:  Ice caps.

13. Warm current originates near the ______.            Ans:  Equator.

14. The warm current moves towards______.  Ans: Poles.

15. The process by which water continually changes its form and circulates between oceans, atmosphere and land is known as ______.          Ans:  Water cycle.

                               

CIVICS

CHAPTER-1

1.      Universal Adult Franchise means Right to vote to every citizens having the age of 18 years and above.

2.      Dalit is a term for so called lower castes. Dalit means ‘broken’.

3.      When a person is treated unequally, his dignity is violated.

4.      Dr. B.R Ambedkar is the father of Indian Constitution.

5.      What are the provisions given by our constitution to provide right to equality to the peole?

Ans- Following provisions were given

1.      Every person is equal before the law

2.      No discrimination on the basis of caste, religion, etc

3.      Every person has access to all public places

4.      Government will take various programmes to help the disadvantaged group.

6.      What is Civil Rights Movement?

Ans- This is an agitatation of the African Americans against the white men in America. These black people were not treated equally with the white men and prohibited to white men’s areas.

7.      African-Americans were those persons who were originally belong to Africa but settled in America.

CHAPTER-3

1.      Government work at  how many level?                    Ans:  3

2.      What is the full form of MLA?        Ans:   Member of Legislative Assembly.

3.      MLA is elected by whom?      Ans :   People

4.      After how many years vote giving is allowed?        Ans :18

5.      What is the full form of BJP?          Ans: Bharatiya Janata Party.

6.      What is the full form of INC?          Ans: Indian National Congess.

7.      What is ruling party ?

Ans :  The majority political party which forms the government is  called Ruling party.

8.      What is legislature?

Ans:  Legislature is the law making body of the government. Legislature in state is Legislative Assembly and Legislature in Centre is the Parliament.

9.      What is the meaning of constituency?

Ans : A particular area decided on the basis of people and the number of candidates to be elected, from which all the voters living there choose    their representative.

10. What is the majority?

Ans;  This is a situation when more than half the no. in a group supports a decision or an idea is called majority.

11. What is opposition ?

Ans: This refers to  elected representatives who are not member of a ruling

party and who play the role of questioning  government decisions and actions as well as raise new issues for  consideration in the assembly.

12. How did MLAs become minister?Explain.

Ans:The MLA who are in ruling party become minister chosen by CM and other elder people in the  party

13. What is press conference?

Ans:  A gathering of journalists from the media who are invited to hear about and ask questions on a particular issue to a minister or an important person and then expected to report on this to the large public.

14. What was the problem in patlipuram?what action was taken by the minister.

Ans:In pattlipuram many people were dying. The minister took    discussion:      (i)To supply drinking water to every village through tankers. The CM has promised to give fund for this work. They also plan to start a campaign to inform people about the steps that can be prevent diarrhea.

15. Why should decision taken by the CM and other minister be debated in legislative assembly?

Ans:    (1)To discuss the issue government has respond.

(2)To make new laws for the state.

16. What is the difference between the work that MLAs do in the assembly and the work done by the government departments?

Ans:Work of MLA:-(1)They discuss about the issues.

1.      (2)They support the  issues.

2.      (3)They vote for the issues.

Work of government:-(1)They do inquiry in the matter.

3.      (2)They take action.

4.      (3)They fulfil the requirements of the people

CHAPTER-4

† One Word Answer-

1.      Name an ocean which is a part of Samoan Island. Pacific Oceans

2.      The book of law of our country is -             Our Constitution

3.      It is a sense of self- awareness of who one is.       Identity

4.      It  is commonly used to describe the women’s work situation-   Double Burden

5.      It refers to a range of tasks related to looking after and nurturing- Care- Giving

6.      When someone is not given due recognition for a task or job they have done, they can feel this. What we said this? De- Valued

7.      A  nursery which keeps a children of working woman in day time. What we say  this facilities? Creches

8.      It was an activity done by young people (child) in Samoa. Fishing

† Question & Answer

Are the statements given alongside true or false? Support your answer with the use of an example−

(a)  All societies do not think similarly about the roles that boys and girls play.

ANS-True.

1. The society which we live in believes that the roles of boys and girls are different   in a well-defined manner

2. Broadly speaking, our societies are mostly patriarchal i.e., a male is always the head of the family.

3. On the other hand, the societies in most Latin American countries are matriarchal   in nature i.e., a female is always the head of the family and the family lineage is traced by  following the female's line of family.

(b)  Our society does not make distinctions between boys and girls when they are growing up.

False.

Our society makes distinctions between boys and girls when they are growing up. This can be exemplified as follows:

1.  Girls are usually given toys such as dolls, whereas boys are given toys such as cars, bat & ball etc.

2.  As compared to boys, girls spend more time in the kitchen and they are the ones who help the mother in taking care of the requirements of the household.

3.  On the other hand, boys are more involved in outdoor activities

(c)  Women who stay at home do not work.

False.

1. Though it is a preconceived notion that women who stay at home do not work, it is not true.

2. Women who stay at home do almost an equal amount of work as compared to their male counterparts by running the household, which is not an easy task.

3. On an average, women spend more time working as compared to men. However, their work goes unnoticed because a bulk of their work is household-related and does not contribute to the generation of income.

(d)  The work that women do is less valued than that of men.

True.

1. Since our society considers men to be the breadwinners of the family, any work that a woman does is not valued much because it does not contribute to the total income of the family.

2. However, it must be noted that the amount of time women spend in taking care of the house hold, which involves tasks such as preparing three meals, getting kids ready for school, taking care of the general cleanliness of the household, managing rations, dealing with maids or other such domestic helps etc., and the effectiveness with which they do it is truly commendable.

   2.      Write in your own words what is meant by the terms ‘invisible’, ‘physically demanding’, and 'time consuming’? Give one example of each based on the household tasks undertaken by women in your home.

 (a)  Housework is invisible and unpaid work.

Invisible here means something which is not noticed. A good example will be breakfast in   the morning, which we eat without realizing the amount of effort put in making it.

            (b) Housework is physically demanding.

Physically demanding means something which requires hard work. An example of this is                                                   washing clothes.

(c) Housework is time consuming.

Time consuming means something which takes a long time to be done. Cleaning the house   is   an example of this.

  3. What are the lives of Domestic Worker?

       The workers do work at our home like sweeping, cleaning, washing clothes, doing dishes, cooking,   looking after young children or aged people.

  4.What is Anganwadis?

1. This organisation (Anganwadi) is run by government.

            2. This organisation gives an education to poor children (primary sector).

            3. This organisation is also gives an education to uneducated women’s or men’s.

 4. This organisation also gives the foods and medicines.

CHAPTER-5

1.      Who wrote Sultana’s  Dream?                Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain

2.      Name the first autobiography written by Rashsundari Devi.   Amar Jiban

3.      Which title Ramabai got for read and write Sanskrit? Pandita

4.      Where Ramabai gone to set up her mission, where widows and poor women were encouraged not only to become literate but to be independent? Khedgaon

5.      This refers to physical or verbal behaviour that is of sexual nature. Sexual Harassment

6.      When someone forcefully breaks the law or a  rule or openly shows disrespect, what we say this. Violation

7.      When we believe that people belonging to particular groups based or religion, wealth, language are bound to have certain fixed characteristics or can only do a certain type of work, it’s create………. Stereotype

8.      When we do not treat people equally or with respect we are indulging in [what]? Discrimination

Give reason

1.  Why Ramabai set up her mission in Khedgaon?

• She wants to teach a variety of skills of carpentry to run a printing press, skills that are not usually taught to girls even today.

• She wants to tell that widows and poor women were encouraged not only to literate them but to make them independent.

2.  Why children from Dalit, Adivasi and Muslim communities leave school?    

• In many parts of the country, especially in rural and poor areas, there may not even be proper schools nor teachers who teach on a regular basis.

• If a school is not close to people’s homes, and there is no transport like buses or vans.

• Parents may not be willing to send their girls to school.

Questions/answers

1.     What type of place is Lady land?

• It is a place where women have the freedom to study, work.

• women create and do  inventions like controlling rain from the clouds and flying air cars.

• In this the men have been sent into seclusion- their aggressive guns and other weapons of war are defeated by  the brain- power of women.

2.     What is Campaigning?

• Campaigning is to fight discrimination and violence against women are an important part of the women’s movement.

• Campaignings have also led to new laws being passed.

• A law was passed in 2006 to give women who face physical and mental violence within their homes, also called domestic violence, some legal protection.

3.     What is Dowry Deaths?

• It is the case of young brides being murdered by their in-laws husband, greedy for more dowry.

• Women’s groups spoke out against the failure to bring these cases to justice.

• They did so by coming on to the streets, approaching the courts, and by sharing information.

4.     List the reason why learning the alphabet was so important to women like Rashsundari Devi, Ramabai and Rokeya?

• They wanted to be educated.

• They wanted to fight against stereotypes.

• They wanted reforms in the society.

• They wanted to read books.   

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